我国不同性质企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究:基于两阶段价值链的视角

本文从价值链角度出发,构建关联型两阶段DEA模型,测度和比较2005-2010年中国不同性质工业企业、内资等3类企业的科技研发和成果转化效率及差异,给出创新资源利用的4种模式,并利用Tobit模型检验了效率的影响因素。研究表明:(1)考察期内工业企业创新整体效率均值为0.694,科技研发和成果转化阶段效率偏低成为制约效率提升的共同因素。(2)中国内资、港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业创新效率依次递增,效率差异明显。国有或国有控股企业由于创新剩余控制权和索取权的分离,缺乏有效的创新激励和监督。而外资企业利用母国技术、品牌等优势,在科技成果转化领域较为成功。属于高研发高转化的企业仅占33.3%,主要来自港澳台商和外资企业。(3)企业规模的壮大有利于科技研发效率的提升,而科学家和工程师数与科技研发效率负相关。企业规模对科技成果转化效率和整体效率具有显著正向影响,政府支持和金融支持则对二者有明显负作用。最后,给出了一些政策建议。     

Network Neutrality Versus Paid Prioritization: Analyzing the Impact on Content Innovation

We examine the link between network neutrality (NN) and content innovation on the Internet by comparing the impact of NN and packet discrimination (PD) regimes on content innovation. We do this in the context of a two‐sided market model that simultaneously considers content provider (CP) and consumer decisions concerning market entry and participation while taking into account consumers’ response to network congestion. We find that content innovation flourishes under NN to a greater degree than under PD due to two effects we uncover: the generation of what we call a pro bono innovation zone in which CPs are able to enter the market without contributing to network provider profits; and the cross‐side congestion effect, a negative network externality wherein higher broadband market coverage levels result in greater congestion for CPs, and increased content results in greater congestion for consumers, taking into account consumers’ strategic response to network congestion. These results have important implications for current public policy debates regarding the Federal Communications Commission's Open Internet Rules.     

西部少数民族地区科技创新的制度结构分析

分析了我国科技创新制度结构的演进和制度结构对西部少数民族地区科技创新的影响,提出了具体的对策措施。     

New Spatial Concepts Between Innovation and Lock-in: The Case of the Dutch Deltametropolis

It is often proclaimed that planning concepts serve an innovative function in the political process. They are praised as powerful tools that carry new insights and understandings into policy arenas. By examining the emergence and development of a new planning concept in the Dutch national spatial policy-making process, the deltametropolis concept, this paper questions this position. It argues that new spatial concepts tend to lose much of their innovative capacities when they enter the political arena and become encased in the traditional urban–rural planning discourse, thus reaffirming established planning orientations. The Dutch case of the deltametropolis illustrates that new spatial concepts may entail potential for innovation as much as for lock-in.     

On tie breaking in competitive location under binary customer behavior

Ties in customer facility choice may occur when the customer selects the facility with maximum utility to be served. In the location literature ties in maximum utility are broken by assigning a fixed proportion of the customer demand to the facilities with maximum utility which are owned by the entering firm. This tie breaking rule does not take into account the number of tied facilities of both the entering firm and its competitors. In this paper we introduce a more realistic tie breaking rule which assigns a variable proportion of customer demand to the entering firm depending on the number of tied facilities. We present a general framework in which optimal locations for the old and the new tie breaking rules can be obtained through Integer Linear Programming formulations of the corresponding location models. The optimal locations are obtained for the old tie breaking rule for different values of the fixed proportion and a comparison with the results obtained for the new tie breaking rule is drawn with data of Spanish municipalities in a variety of scenarios. Finally, some conclusions are presented.     

遵从压力或理性驱动?新企业政治行为探析

将企业政治行为的研究引入创业情境,以新企业在与政府和公共服务部门打交道过程中依靠打点行为赢取支持的意愿为例,基于资源依赖理论系统分析了新企业政治行为的前因与结果.基于中国创业动态跟踪调查数据展开的实证研究发现,新企业的打点意愿与其创建初期的绩效表现正相关.对打点意愿前置因素的多层次分析发现,在宏观层面,当环境更为宽松,所在地区的市场化进程程度更高时,新企业从事打点行为的意愿会降低;在企业层面,当新企业拥有创新性的产品和服务并能够进入更广的市场参与竞争时,其从事打点行为的意愿会弱化;在个体层面,创业者自我效能和商业道德标准是显著影响打点意愿的内生要素.文章贡献于资源依赖理论的应用情境以及转型经济背景下有关企业政治行为的研究.     

研发团队社会资本对创新绩效作用路径——心理安全和学习行为整合视角

一方面,研发团队作为企业创新活动的基本单位,对提升企业创新能力起着关键作用;另一方面,如何有效管理研发团队以促进创新,在现实中又面临严峻挑战.基于团队心理安全和学习行为整合视角,以151个研发团队585个研发成员为样本,实证研究研发团队社会资本对创新绩效的作用路径.研究结果表明:研发团队3维社会资本(结构、认知和关系)对创新绩效均具有显著的积极影响,团队学习行为部分中介团队心理安全与创新绩效的关系;团队心理安全部分中介团队社会资本与学习行为的关系;团队心理安全和学习行为分别部分中介团队结构资本、认知资本与创新绩效的关系,完全中介团队关系资本与创新绩效的关系.     

VC治理行为中介作用下的关系专用性投资与技术创新绩效

以风险投资“关系型融资”机制为视角,立足资源基础理论与交易成本理论,在“关系租”起源与“关系型融资”价值创造机制探讨的基础上,构建关系专用性投资、VC治理行为与技术创新绩效关系整合模型,研究不同关系专用性投资属性对技术创新绩效的影响以及VC治理行为的中介作用.通过264家科技型创业企业调研所得数据进行实证分析,研究显示,实物型关系专用性投资与VC监控行为正相关,与VC增值服务负相关,VC监控行为与技术创新绩效负相关;知识型关系专用性投资与VC监控行为负相关,与VC增值服务正相关,VC增值服务与技术创新绩效正相关.VC治理行为在关系专用性投资与技术创新绩效的关系中具有部分中介效应.     

基于工作投入与核心自我评价视角的辱虐管理与员工主动行为研究

基于自我决定理论和行为弹性理论,深入研究了辱虐管理为何以及怎样影响员工的主动行为.研究结果表明,主管的辱虐管理对员工的主动行为具有显著的负向影响,而工作投入在辱虐管理与主动行为的关系中起着完全中介作用,即辱虐管理会降低员工在工作中的投入,继而减少了主动行为.同时,核心自我评价会削弱辱虐管理的直接效应和工作投入的间接效应,即相对于低核心自我评价的员工,高核心自我评价的员工较少因为主管的辱虐管理而降低其工作投入,进而较少减少主动行为.     

回任支持对双元性创新的影响研究

以跨国公司的回任人员为研究对象,实证研究回任支持对双元性创新的影响,探讨知识转移和自我效能在上述关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用,并检验有调节的中介效应.层次回归分析结果表明:回任支持对知识转移具有显著的正向影响,知识转移对开发性创新和探索性创新具有显著的正向影响;知识转移在回任支持与开发性创新和探索性创新之间起中介作用,但中介效应有所差异,在回任支持与开发性创新之间起部分中介作用,而在回任支持与探索性创新之间起完全中介作用;自我效能在回任支持与知识转移之间起调节作用.拔靴法分析结果表明:自我效能越强,知识转移在回任支持与开发性创新和探索性创新之间所起的中介效应就越强.